Título
Autor | Helder Martins Leitão |
Cargo do Autor | Advogado |
Páginas | 280-282 |
Page 280
s.m. (lat. titulu).
s.c.: designação de um livro, capítulo, jornal, artigo, indicando geralmente a matéria de que trata; letreiro; qualificação que exprime uma função, um cargo ou dignidade.
Há casos em que a execução não se baseia em título, ao menos no conceito formal e explícito desta expressão. São, por exemplo, as hipóteses previstas no n.º 4, do art. 1016.º. Como explicar esta anomalia? Os títulos servem de base à execução porque fazem supor, em maior ou menor grau, a certeza da existência da obrigação cujo cumprimento se exige. Na situação acima referida, essa certeza provém, não de uma declaração contida em determinado documento, mas de uma conduta que gera a mesma convicção e autoriza, por isso, as mesmas providências. São os chamados títulos judiciais impróprios. O título executivo deve conter os requisitos necessários para, por si só, nos certificar da existência da obrigação e do direito correspondente. É o princípio que podemos chamar da suficiência do título executivo. Ora bem, se fizermos funcionar este princípio em relação ao caso concreto a que nos estamos referindo, chegamos aoPage 281 seguinte resultado: o reconhecimento notarial indispensável para cercar de eficácia executiva o documento particular assinado a rogo é aquele em que o notário, além de declarar que o rogo foi dado na sua presença e que reconhece a identidade do rogante, de qualquer maneira certifique o facto de que depende, nos termos do art. 540.º, a força probatória do documento. Quer dizer, é necessário que o oficial público ateste que o rogante leu o contexto do documento, ou que se assegurou de que ele sabia e correspondia à sua vontade, ou, ao menos, que o documento lhe foi lido. O que é razoável presumir é que o legislador, se houvesse examinado a questão da exequibilidade dos documentos assinados a rogo, a resolveria no sentido que deixamos indicado, porque é a solução que põe o art. 52.º em absoluta conformidade com o art. 540.º e que salvaguarda o princípio da suficiência do título executivo.
Aquele que quiser proceder à reforma de títulos de obrigação destruídos descreverá os títulos e justificará, sumariamente, tanto o interesse que tenha na sua recuperação, como os termos em que se deu a destruição, oferecendo logo as provas de que dispuser.
Se, em face das provas produzidas, se entender que o processo deve ter seguimento, é designado dia para a conferência dos interessados, sendo para ela citadas as pessoas que tenham emitido o...
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