Consignação
Autor | Helder Martins Leitão |
Cargo do Autor | Advogado |
Páginas | 75-77 |
Page 75
s.f. (lat. consignatione).
s.c.: acto ou efeito de consignar; depósito de valores em cofre oficial para pagamento de despesas obrigatórias.
O titular de crédito com garantias de bens cujos rendimentos foram consignados poderá, quando esse crédito se vença, propor a sua execução e nesta se procederá à venda dos mesmos bens, considerando-se o crédito do consignatário, na parte ainda não saldada, depois daqueles que tiverem garantia anterior. Note-se, todavia que, no caso de a consignação de rendimentos se fazer depois de graduado algum crédito vencido, o titular desse crédito poderá fazer prosseguir a execução.
A consignação de rendimentos de bens que estejam locados faz-se mediante simples notificação aos locatários do despacho que a ordenou.
Não havendo ainda locação ou havendo de celebrar-se novo contrato, os bens são locados mediante propostas ou por meio de negociação particular, observando-se, com as modificações necessárias, as formalidades previstas para a venda de bens penhorados.
Pagas as custas da execução, as rendas serão recebidas pelo consignatário até que esteja embolsado da importância do seu crédito.
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O consignatário fica na posição de senhorio, mas não pode resolver o contrato, nem tomar qualquer decisão relativa aos bens, sem anuência do executado; na falta de acordo, o juiz decidirá.
Efectuada a consignação e pagas as custas da execução, esta é julgada extinta, levantandose as penhoras que incidam em outros bens.
A consignação é registada em face do despacho que a institua; o registo faz-se por averbamento ao da penhora.
O que está, em geral, na base da consignação em depósito é esta ocorrência: o devedor quer libertar-se da dívida, quer exonerar-se da obrigação e não tem meio de o fazer particularmente.
O processo judicial da consignação surge, pois, como meio extremo para o devedor efectuar o pagamento. O devedor tem não só o dever jurídico, mas até o direito, de pagar a dívida. O processo de consignação em depósito destina-se a permitir ao devedor que exerça o direito de se libertar da dívida mediante o pagamento, quando encontre obstáculos para se exonerar extrajudicialmente.
Quem pretender a consignação em depósito requererá, no tribunal do lugar do cumprimento da obrigação, que seja depositada judicialmente a quantia da coisa devida, declarando o motivo por que pede o depósito.
Este é feito na Caixa Geral de Depósitos, salvo se a coisa não puder ser aí depositada, pois, nesse caso, é nomeado...
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