Transacção
Autor | Helder Martins Leitão |
Cargo do Autor | Advogado |
Páginas | 283-284 |
Page 283
s.f. (lat. transactione).
s.c.: acto ou efeito de transigir ou de transaccionar; combinação; ajuste.
A transacção é um acto bilateral, definido no art. 1248.º, n.º 1 do C.C. como «o contrato pelo qual as partes previnem ou terminam um litígio mediante recíprocas concessões», as quais, nos termos do n.º 2 deste preceito, podem envolver a constituição, modificação ou extinção de direitos diversos do direito controvertido. A lei alemã parece permitir expressamente a transacção judicial com terceiros (art. 794.º da ZPO). A nossa nada diz, mas não vemos razão alguma que se oponha a que a transacção judicial resolva litígios ultra petita (cfr. art. 272.º) e para além das partes iniciais do processo.
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A transacção pode fazer-se por documento autenticado ou particular, sem prejuízo das exigências de forma da lei substantiva, ou por termo no processo.
Sendo que, é lícito às partes em qualquer estado da instância, transigir sobre o objecto da causa.
A transacção modifica o pedido ou faz cessar a causa nos precisos termos em que se efectue.
Os representantes das pessoas colectivas, sociedades, incapazes ou ausentes só podem transigir nos precisos limites das suas atribuições ou precedendo autorização especial.
No caso de litisconsórcio voluntário, é livre a transacção individual, limitada ao interesse de cada um na causa.
No caso de litisconsórcio necessário, a transacção de algum dos litisconsortes só produz efeitos quanto a custas.
Não é permitida transacção que importe a afirmação da vontade das partes relativamente a direitos indisponíveis.
Remissões:
arts. 293.º/2, 294.º, 297.º a 301.º e 771.º/al. d).
Jurisprudência:
Ac. Rel. Porto, de 9/3/00, in Col. Jur., 2000, 2.º-186.
Ac. S.T.J., de 27/4/99, in Col. Jur., 1999, 2.º-63.
História:
No Código de 1939 estava previsto que a parte devia manifestar ao juiz, em requerimento, o seu desejo de desistir, confessar ou transigir e era o juiz que designava o prazo dentro do qual deveria ser tomado o termo...
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