O Contencioso declaratório previsto no CPTA
Autor | Isabel Celeste M. Fonseca |
Páginas | 85-87 |
Page 85
O contencioso declaratório inclui diversos tipos de acções. Vejamos quais são essas acções, tendo em conta o seu objecto: Quanto ao objecto, as acções previstas no CPTA podem ser acções constitutivas, acções declarativas ou de simples apreciação e acções de condenação, conforme as diferentes situações de carência em que podem encontrar-se os direitos subjectivos e os interesses legalmente protegidos, incluindo faculdades e direitos potestativos, dos sujeitos que recorrem à justiça e as correspondentes espécies de providências judiciárias requeridas. Nas acções de condenação, o autor, arrogando-se a titularidade de um direito (lato senso) que afirma estar sendo violado pelo réu, pretende que se declare a existência e a violação do direito e se determine ao réu a realização da prestação (em regra, uma acção, mas podendo ser uma abstenção) destinada a reintegrar o direito violado ou que se determine o réu à reparação da falta cometida, impondo o pagamento do dano causado. Nas acções constitutivas, o autor pretende obter com a coadjuvação da autoridade judicial um efeito jurídico novo, que altera a esfera jurídica do demandado, independentemente da vontade deste. O efeito jurídico pretendido pelo autor pode consistir na criação, modificação ou extinção duma relação jurídica que tenha como outro sujeito o demandado. As acções de simples apreciação, que podem ser de mera declaração positiva ou negativa, são aquelas em que, reagindo contra uma situação de incerteza, o autor pretende apenas obter a declaraçãoPage 86 (com força vinculativa própria das decisões judiciais) da existência ou inexistência de um direito ou de um facto.
Em síntese, tendo em conta que todas elas envolvem o reconhecimento de existência ou inexistência de um direito, é naquilo que surge após o reconhecimento do direito que reside a distinção: se o autor pretende que o réu seja condenado a realizar a prestação correspondente à sua pretensão, a acção diz-se de condenação; se o autor pretende além do reconhecimento do direito a produção ope iudicis do efeito jurídico que o direito exige (a constituição, a modificação ou a extinção de uma relação jurídica) a acção é constitutiva; e, finalmente, se o autor não pretende mais do que a declaração formal da existência ou inexistência do direito (ou facto jurídico), a acção respectiva é de mera apreciação (positiva ou declarativa).
As acções executivas...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Direito processual administrativo
- Parte II. A jurisdição administrativa
- Âmbito da Jurisdição Administrativa
- Perspectiva Funcional
- As Regras do CPTA quanto à legitimidade activa
- O Ministério público
- A Forma Processual
- O Contencioso declaratório e o Contencioso de execução
- O Contencioso declaratório previsto no CPTA
- Uma Sugestão de Leitura das formas processuais previstas no CPTA: artigos 35.º e 36.º
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