A crise das autonomias (a propósito do Tribunal de Justiça das Comunidades Europeias)
Autor | Arnaldo Ourique |
Páginas | 91-94 |
Page 91
As autonomias portuguesas estão em crise, e é uma crise interna, e é sobretudo uma crise política e constitucional. 48Não há quaisquer elementos que apontem para uma crise na forma de Estado.
É curioso verificar como uma decisão judicial europeia tem a virtude de relançar a discussão da descentralização política. Trata-se do acórdão de Setembro de 2006 do Tribunal de Justiça das Comunidades Europeias a propósito da redução do imposto sobre o rendimento das pessoas singulares e colectivas com domicílio fiscal nos Açores. O acórdão não põe em causa de forma alguma a autonomia e até é favorável aos Açores. A Comissão nesse Processo declara que «o grau de autonomia da Região Autónoma dos Açores é, na realidade, limitado», mas logo o Tribunal responde que «não se pode excluir que uma entidade infra-estadual disponha de um estatuto de direito e de facto suficientemente autónomo em relação ao Governo central de um Estado-Membro».
O Direito Comunitário permite que os Açores criem aquele modelo fiscal que foi objecto de decisão. E isso mesmo o Tribunal confirmou. A questão é que o Tribunal considerou aquela parte que estava fundamentada e, pois, escorreito perante a lei, e não aquilo que faltava o fundamento. E neste aspecto, o acórdão é exemplar, porque não cedeu, como é próprio dos tribunais, a pressões sectoriais até de outros países interessados. Se o Governo Regional e o Governo central tivessem fundamentado a parte relativa ao sector empresarial financeiro como fundamentaram para os outros sectores, perspectiva-se pelo discurso do Tribunal que este teria aceite o modelo. O Tribunal foi nisso claro e simples: manter o sistema naquilo que está fundamentado, expurgar aquele que lhe falta a justificação. Ou seja, é possível, para o futuro, que os Açores façam (se para isso tiverem justificação viável o que, sendo para firmas do sector financeiro, se não é impossível é pelo menos muitíssimo difícil) um modelo fiscal de incentivo àquele sector desde que o façam conforme o Tribunal indica e conforme a lei prevê (artigos 87º/3 e 229º do Tratado).
O acórdão não toca na autonomia. Os tribunais existem para dar solução às decisões administrativas e legislativas dos governos. De outra maneira, seríamos Estados mas na forma de monarquias não constitucionais e não de repúblicas. Também de modo algum o acórdão indicia que a autonomia é pequena ou grande, ou que está em crise ou em franco desenvolvimento, ou que é elementar ou constituída por...
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Autonomia portuguesa
- 2ª Parte: Paradigmas político, jurídico e filosófico
- A autonomia constitucional no Século XXI
- A crise das autonomias (a propósito do Tribunal de Justiça das Comunidades Europeias)
- Continuação. Forma de Estado
- Solidariedade nacional
- O novo conceito constitucional de interesse específico
- Continuação. Fiscalização
- O princípio da audição das regiões autónomas na Constituição da República Portuguesa
- O Preâmbulo do Estatuto dos Açore
- O Preâmbulo do Estatuto dos Açore
- Criação da lei nos Açores (apontamentos para o seu estudo)
- Continuação. A sua crise
- O passado, o anterior e o actual sistema legislativo
- Porquê um controlo preventivo da lei
- Não há cidadania sem leis
- E não há leis sem democracia
- Supletividade autonómica
- O homem açoriano e a violação da ordem jurídica
- Limite material e região autónoma
- Audição autonómica
- Fuga para a autonomia administrativa
- Representante da República
- Herança dos últimos governos
- Herança dos últimos governos
- Continuação
- Autonomia constitucional
- Continuação
- Conclusão
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