Erro
Autor | Helder Martins Leitão |
Cargo do Autor | Advogado |
Páginas | 111 |
Page 111
s.m. (lat. errare).
s.c.: acto de errar; inexactidão; engano.
Se a sentença omitir o nome das partes, for omissa quanto a custas, ou contiver erros de escrita ou de cálculo ou quaisquer inexactidões devidas a outra omissão ou lapso manifesto, pode ser corrigida por simples despacho, a requerimento de qualquer das partes ou por iniciativa do juiz.
O art. 702.º ocupa-se do erro na espécie do recurso; o art. 703.º do erro no efeito do recurso; o art. 704.º do erro na admissão do recurso. Destes erros o mais grave é certamente o terceiro e o menos grave é, sem dúvida, o primeiro. Por isso é que o processo estabelecido para a resolução das três questões prévias vai sendo sucessivamente mais cauteloso, vai aumentando de formalidades e garantias; no caso do art. 702.º nem se ouvem as partes nem vai o processo com vista aos juízes; no caso do art. 703.º o processo não vai com vista aos juízes, mas manda-se ouvir a parte contrária; no caso do art. 704.º ouvem-se as partes.
Quando o juiz indefere o requerimento, a decisão proferida fica exactamente como era; não sofre alteração alguma. Se as partes se conformaram com ela, visto não terem interposto recurso, não há motivo algum para o admitir agora, depois do trânsito em julgado da respectiva decisão. Do art. 667.º se depreende que a rectificação só pode ser feita pelo tribunal a quo. Ao tribunal ad quem só compete apreciar, em caso de recurso, a rectificação efectuada.
Verifica-se erro na distribuição quando é distribuído como pertencente a certa espécie um papel que pertence a outra. Os efeitos divergem conforme esse erro produz ou não mudança da designação do juiz que há-de conhecer do feito. A baixa traduz a declaração de total ineficácia da distribuição a que diz respeito, a qual deixa de produzir efeitos...
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