Não há cidadania sem leis
Autor | Arnaldo Ourique |
Páginas | 140-141 |
Page 140
Quando BEETHOVEN no seu testamento desabafava aos irmãos «Falem mais alto» não se referia à democracia; o mesmo não se lhe pode apontar quanto ao mito de ter riscado a dedicação a NAPOLEÃO na 5ª Sinfonia.70 E o seu Hino da Alegria da 9ª Sinfonia é já um grito de esperança democrática no sentido de que o homem é, por natureza histórica, mas nem sempre, um ser democrático onde o silêncio existe por desejo e não por imposição, muito menos política ou jurídica. Não será alheio a isso que seja o hino das Comunidades Europeias. Mas teve o nosso compositor a preocupação de, pela primeira vez, fazer anotações técnicas ao modo como a música deveria ser executada. BEETHOVEN teve a percepção de que, embora a música fosse uma linguagem universal, era necessário, ainda assim, publicitar sinais para que a sua música, tão complexa de compor, mas de fácil audição, pudesse seguir o trilho certo.
Foi na Monarquia Constitucional, com o liberalismo, que as leis começaram sendo publicitadas de forma sistémica. Havia já leis evidentemente, desde a fundação do país, mas foi ali que começou a sua publicidade organizada. Também havia já códigos publicados, na forma de ordenações, ou seja, compêndios de legislação antes dispersa, mas a sua publicidade sistémica é uma criação da modernidade. E essa evolução foi sendo feita juntamente com a evolução da ideia de Estado: à medida que foi sendo (apesar de tudo) aperfeiçoado, também foi sendo melhorada a sua organização publicitária. E chegamos à 3ª República já com modelos seguros.
Com a instauração das regiões autónomas em 1976, com a Constituição Democrática, também se seguiu a criação de jornais oficiais respectivos e com isso uma montanha de dificuldades para o cidadão: nem todos os actos normativos autonómicos eram nem são publicados no jornal oficial nacional (mais emblemáticos: portaria e despacho normativo); de igual sorte, nem todo o acto administrativo da administração pública autonómica foi ou é publicado naquele jornal oficial estadual, com a relevância de muitos dos actos terem autoria nos membros do governo regional. Mas é dum Estado de direito a obrigação constitucional de garantia da legalidade, e essa...
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Autonomia portuguesa
- 2ª Parte: Paradigmas político, jurídico e filosófico
- A autonomia constitucional no Século XXI
- A crise das autonomias (a propósito do Tribunal de Justiça das Comunidades Europeias)
- Continuação. Forma de Estado
- Solidariedade nacional
- O novo conceito constitucional de interesse específico
- Continuação. Fiscalização
- O princípio da audição das regiões autónomas na Constituição da República Portuguesa
- O Preâmbulo do Estatuto dos Açore
- O Preâmbulo do Estatuto dos Açore
- Criação da lei nos Açores (apontamentos para o seu estudo)
- Continuação. A sua crise
- O passado, o anterior e o actual sistema legislativo
- Porquê um controlo preventivo da lei
- Não há cidadania sem leis
- E não há leis sem democracia
- Supletividade autonómica
- O homem açoriano e a violação da ordem jurídica
- Limite material e região autónoma
- Audição autonómica
- Fuga para a autonomia administrativa
- Representante da República
- Herança dos últimos governos
- Herança dos últimos governos
- Continuação
- Autonomia constitucional
- Continuação
- Conclusão
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