Testemunha
Autor | Helder Martins Leitão |
Cargo do Autor | Advogado |
Páginas | 278-280 |
Page 278
s.f. (lat. testimomiu).
s.c.: pessoa que presenciou ou ouviu certo facto ou dito; pessoa que dá testemunho em juízo; prova.
Têm capacidade para depor como testemunhas todos aqueles que, não estando interditos por anomalia psíquica, tiverem aptidão física e mental para depor sobre os factos que constituam objecto da prova.
Incumbe ao juiz verificar a capacidade natural das pessoas arroladas como testemunhas, com vista a avaliar da admissibilidade e da credibilidade do respectivo depoimento.
A prova testemunhal é a que resulta da transmissão ao tribunal, por certa pessoa, de informações de facto que interessam à decisão da causa, e que foram pela mesma pessoa adquiridas sem encargo para isso do tribunal. Este o sentido geral, mas que emPage 279 regra se limita pela exclusão das partes - «nulus idoneus testis in re sua intelligitur».
Podem recusar-se a depor como testemunhas, salvo nas acções que tenham como objecto verificar o nascimento ou o óbito dos filhos:
- os ascendentes nas causas dos descendentes e os adoptantes nas dos adoptados e vice-versa;
- o sogro ou a sogra nas causas do genro ou da nora e vice-versa;
- qualquer dos cônjuges ou ex-cônjuges, nas causas em que seja parte o outro cônjuge ou ex-cônjuge;
- quem conviver ou tiver convivido, em união de facto em condições análogas às dos cônjuges com alguma das partes na causa.
Devem escusar-se a depor os que estejam adstritos ao segredo profissional, ao segredo de funcionários públicos e ao segredo de Estado, relativamente aos factos abrangidos pelo sigilo.
As testemunhas serão designadas no rol pelos seus nomes, profissões e moradas e por outras circunstâncias necessárias para as identificar.
Quando as testemunhas residam fora da área do círculo judicial ou da respectiva ilha, no caso das Regiões Autónomas, a parte pode requerer no rol a expedição de carta para a sua inquirição, indicando logo os factos sobre que há-de recair o depoimento ou, em alternativa, que o juiz determine a respectiva comparência na audiência de julgamento quando o julgue conveniente para a boa decisão da causa e a deslocação não represente sacrifício incomportável.
O limite máximo de testemunhas, para prova dos fundamentos da acção é de 20, nas acções ordinárias, 10, no processo sumário e 6, no processo sumaríssimo.
Sobre cada um dos factos que se propõe provar, não pode a parte produzir mais de cinco testemunhas, no processo ordinário e de 3 no processo sumário.
A parte contra a qual for...
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